By Laurence B. Monotheism and polytheism are often thought of in rather simple terms—e.g., as merely a numerical contrast between the one and the many. A Muslim is an adherent of Islam. In contrast, some believe in multiple gods and these are known as polytheistic religions. This includes many of the well-known faiths including Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. The basis of faith in pure monotheism is expressed in the belief in the One and only God of transcendent perfection. Monotheism characterizes the traditions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and elements of the belief are discernible in numerous other religions. Who Is a Muslim? Islam is monotheistic Abrahamic religion that originated in Saudi Arabia in the 7th century CE. Muslims are monotheistic and worship one, all-knowing God, who in Arabic is known as Allah. Like Christianity and Judaism, the Muslim God is a kind and merciful one who … Brown What Is Islam? The first 13 years of the Prophet of Islam in Makkah are significant when we talk about how important is the concept of monotheism in Islam. Islam is partially based on the Judeo-Christian religions. Like many religions, including Christianity and Judaism, Islam is a monotheistic religion where followers worship one supreme omnipotent God. The final monotheistic religion we'll discuss in this lesson is Islam, which is the second largest religion in the world. One monotheistic religion that predated all these religions is Zoroastrianism. Followers of Islam are called Muslims. In this regard, it shares some beliefs with Judaism and Christianity by tracing its history back to the patriarch Abraham, and ultimately to the first prophet, Adam. It is also the fastest-growing major religion in the world. Islam. Compare Islam and Zoroastrianism. Monotheism is perhaps the most important tenet of Islam and is, arguably, the fundamental concept of the religion. Followers of Islam aim to live a life of complete submission to Allah. In Islam, Allah created the Earth and all life on it. As Margaret Nydell states in Understanding Arabs, “The God Muslims worship is the same God Jews and Christians worship (Allah is simply the Arabic word for God; Arab Christians pray to Allah).” (p. 83) The word Islam is the infinitive of the Arabic verb aslama, and is translated, “to submit totally to God.”. Islam is a monotheistic faith centered around belief in the one God (Allah). Those who follow a monotheistic religion believe in the existence of a single god. As a monotheistic faith that originated in the Middle East, Islam holds many beliefs and practices in common with Judaism and Christianity. There are over 1.8 billion Muslims — a quarter of the world's population, making Islam the second-largest religion in the world. 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